By applying the policy of appointing his children to states and provincial governments, while expanding his dynasty power throughout Iranian lands, Fath-Ali Shah Qajar created an intense competitive atmosphere among the Qajar ruling princes. The competitions among the three powerful and power-seeking princes of Fath Ali Shah (born in 1203 AH / 1789 AD), i. e. Mohammad Ali Mirza, Abbas Mirza, and Hossein Ali Mirza-were more pronounced. Hossein Ali Mirza was appointed as the governor of Fars and southern regions of Iran under the name of Farmanfarma, ruling in the area until the kingdom of Mohammad Shah. His establishment in Fars led him to be influenced by the ancient kings and Muslim rulers of Fars. During this affectedness of Shiraz court, he took the royal glamorousness and grandeur, and the princes ruling Fars thought of ruling the whole Iranian lands. Until the second period of the Russo-Persian War, Hossein Ali Mirza had always obeyed the central government and demonstrated this citizenship by constantly sending taxes to Tehran. But since then, when the authority of the Shah and Abbas Mirza, the Crown Prince, collapsed, his centrifugal policies increased. He disobeyed the central government by expulsion of Nouri family which was affiliated to the Tehran court, and not paying taxes regularly. After the death of Abbasmirza, Hossein Ali Mirza rose to the position of crown prince against Mohammad Mirza and intensified the competition after the death of Fath Ali Shah, declaring himself the official king of Iran in Shiraz. In spite of the support of the Russian and British governments over the reign of Mohammad Shah and the internal disputes of Fars, Hossein Ali Mirza was defeated by his crowned nephew, Mohammad Shah and surrendered. Via a descriptive-analytical approach, the present study aims to present Hussein Ali Mirza's political-military achievements in Fars to examine his position and role in the early Qajar succession competitions.

One of the main challenges of Fath-Ali Shah's Government was problem of succession and protests of his sons, especially Mohammad Ali Mirza, to choose the Crown Prince Abbas Mirza. Mohammad Ali Mirza, Fath-Ali Shah's eldest son, had not accepted Abbas Mirza as Crown Prince and during his lifetime was always competing with his brother. In this regard, one of the important measures he undertook was regulating the army under his command and modernizing it in the style of European armies. This article, in a descriptive-analysis method, tries to examine Mohammad Ali Mirza’ s military reform to modernize the army, and the results and objectives of this measure. The findings show that one of his most important measures to strengthen its military in order to become Crown Prince and to show his superiority over Abbas Mirza has beem Military reform, with the help of European military advisors, in the army was operating in his command territory. And in addition to establish security in the West, his war with Baghdad Pashas was successful and he managed to show himself as a main contender to succeed Fath-Ali Shah.

Mirza Fath Ali Akhundzadeh is considered one of the most important and influential personalities in the religious-social life of contemporary Iran. He began his cultural activities writing dramas and criticizing the religious-social situation of the society he lived in. He said that this resembled Protestantism. In addition to this, he also dealt theoretically with the criticism of religion and issues related to it.This article is an attempt to survey the basic features of his intellectual system and his main objections to religion-in particular the religion of Islam-as they are reflected in his major works. Hence, a comprehensive view of his life as well the events that influenced his ideas have been presented herein.

“seid-Ashraf aldin Gilani is in the Center of Iran” Constitutional Poetry Has written the most popular and simple poem of this period, and his poetic mission is to inform the community and reform the corruption. He is a poet who defends of committed literature which was publishing his poetry in literary newspaper nasimeshomal and addressing common people. Syed Ashraf in Nasimshomal sought Molansraldyn approach.Molansraldyn comic news paper in the Caucasus was one of the most literary events Would cripple the Iranian Constitutional poem. Syed Ashraf poem style was quite impressed by Saber AA, (Molansraldyn poet) and he recited his literary works based on this school.Sayed’s poems behavior dealing with saber’s is three fold: adaptation, translation, and response to saber’s poems. This paper investigates the different types of effectiveness of Sayed Ashraf from Mirza Ali Akbar Saber’s poetry. A newspaper that was One of the main sources of Iranian literary modernism of Constitutional Era.

By choosing Abbas Mirza as Crown Prince, Fath Ali Shah aroused the rivalry and opposition of other princes, especially Mohammad Ali Mirza. By enforcing the policy of appointing his sons to the government of the states and provinces, while establishing order and security throughout the forbidden countries of Iran, he intensified the competitive atmosphere between the princes of the Qajar ruler. Meanwhile, Mohammad Ali Mirza in 1221 AH. AH / 1806 AD was appointed to the government of Kermanshah and western regions of Iran. This research has been done by descriptive-analytical method and using library resources and seeks to answer the question that what security-disciplinary measures did Mohammad Ali Mirza take in western Iran? The findings show that Mohammad Ali Mirza stabilized his position with several security-disciplinary measures and competed with Abbas Mirza. With military reforms in the army, stabilization of Iran's borders against the Ottomans, control of tribes and nomads and the use of their military power to suppress the opposition and establish security in the region under his control, he became one of the most powerful princes and rivals. Jedi turned Abbas Mirza into a monarch.

The competition between the Mujtahids and the Akhbaris to get closer to the political power and the relationship with Qajar Shah is a chapter in the history of the Shiite clergy in the first half of the 13thcentury. The most famous Akhbari scholar in the first 30 years of the 13th century waz Mirza MuhammadAkhbari who had a hard fight with Mujtahids and also got in touch with Fath-Ali Shah Qajar. One of the main reports about Fath Ali Shah's relationship with Mirza Mohammad Akhbari, which in many sources, is at the center of Mirza Mohammad's life narrative, is the story of his role in the murder of Pavel Dmitriyevich Tsitsianov (17054-1806) (commander of the Russian army in the Iran-Russia wars) or its prediction through occult sciences, spell or prayer. The main question of this article is the validity of the narration of Mirza Mohammad's role in the murder of Tsitsianov by examining the history of the narration of this report, identifying inconsistent and alternative narrations, and evaluating some details of the narration with other historical data. Investigating the story of Tsitsianov's murder is important from several points of view. First, this incident is at the center of most of the narratives about the relationship between the Shah and Mirza Mohammad Akhbari; Second This incident has found an important place in the representation of Mirza's personality and the Shah's relationship with Shiite scholars in historical sources and contemporary research, but it has not been carefully examined from a historical point of view. The findings of this research show that some of the important sources of history and biography of Mirza Mohammad Akhbari have not quoted this report or have given data inconsistent with all or part of the popular narrative. evidences also show that the Shah's good relationship with Mirza Muhammad is not only related to the Mirza's power in occult sciences, but Shah knew Mirza Muhammad as one of the reliable Shiite scholars and used him to criticize the opinions of the mujtahids

This study mainly aims at investigating critical discourse analysis in “Sheikh Ali Mirza, the Governor of Borujerd…” by Mirza Reza Khan Tabatabai Naeeni. To respond to questions like: what semantic system has constitutionalism discourse created in the form of author’s worldview and as elements have been used in producing and interpreting text? What signs does this system contain? And what instruments does it use to marginalize the competitor’s discourse, weaken power relations and form and reproduce society intellectual structures? The current study considers constitutionalism discourse, a discourse with ideological function which is in contrast to despotism discourse on one hand, and represents cultural and social and even biological truths that despotism discourse prevents it be represented neutrally, on another hand.Data has been collected documentarily and by investigating and analyzing the written system of play and text has been analyzed based on Fairclough’s mythological foundations in three levels of “description”, “interpretation” and “explanation”. Due to the dominance of new verbal, lexical, grammatical and declarative traditions of constitutionalism on the texts of this period and the formation of dominant narrative discourse, being a constitutionalist, the author takes a political look at ideological issues hidden in language, class and culture using a comic language. An attitude which is the product of king deconsecration and the substitution of newer political patterns with the centrality of law by means of dominant discourse.

Mirza Ali Akbar Khan Nafisi Kermani entitled Nazemul-Atebba (1884-1964) was one of the famous physicians and learned scholars of Iran in Nasir-ud-Din Shah and Mozaffar ud-Din Shah in Qajar times, he was one of the most active physicians in that time who not only was a physician as his main profession but also he had different books both in medical and non-medicalareas. His best books in medical and non-medical domains werePezeshki Nameh (medical Letter) and Nafisi Dictionary respectively. Mean while, we also deals with issues such as his genealogy, biography, responsibilities, services, books, Nafisi dictionary, his personality and works.

The prominent mystic and unique scholar, Seyyed Ali Ghazi Tabatabayee, was born in 1906 HD in Tabriz. He used to be known for his genius and cleverness ever since he was a child. He went through his elementary schooling through the training of his father Seyyed Hossein Ghazi and other scholars including Haj Mirza Moosa Tabrizi and Mirza Mohammad Ali Gharajedaghi, but his spirit was not satisfying so that he had no choice but to learn mysticism, theory and practice, from great scholars such as Molla Mohammad Kazem Khorasani, Fazel Sharabiyani, Seyyed Abolfazl Isfehani. The deceased Ghazi had elevated in mystical position to a higher status so much that there are some miracles reported by him and his intuition and revelation were well-known by his followers. In poetry , especially Arabic, he had a high position and sometimes his pen name was 'Meskin' (Miserable).His never tiring strife to acquire excellence and knowledge and going through spiritual journey brought about perpetually known students including Allameh Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Tabatabayee, Sheikh Mohammad Taghi Amoli, Seyyed Hashim Haddad. Works such as interpretation of a section of the Koran as well as written works in terms of Religious jurisprudence and its elements, and after 18 years of blessing life and self battling with personal lust, he passed away because of edema.

The wise sayings of Imam Ali (peace be upon him) have long attracted the attention of both Muslim and non-Muslim scholars, particularly Orientalists, and have served as a source of inspiration for numerous Western translations and academic inquiries. Among the early efforts to translate a selection of Imam Ali’s aphorisms into English is Sentences of Ali by Simon Ockley (1720 CE), published at the beginning of the eighteenth century. This work comprises 169 selected sayings attributed to Imam Ali (p.b.u.h), chosen primarily for their ethical, epistemological, and didactic dimensions.Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology, the present study provides a concise introduction to the author and his book, followed by a content-based examination of the selected sayings, identification of their probable sources, and an analysis of Ockley’s selection criteria. The findings indicate that over 85 percent of the sayings are ethical in nature and are primarily derived from the classical collection Ghurar al-Hikam wa Durar al-Kalim, although a portion of the quotations lacks clear attribution. Furthermore, a cultural analysis of the work reveals that, in contrast to the prevailing Orientalist trend of the time, Ockley sought to portray a morally centered and universal image of Imam Ali (p.b.u.h) to Western readers.